The Casper Network is a decentralized, layer one Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain optimized for enterprise and developer adoption. It is the first live blockchain built off the Correct-by-Construction (CBC) Casper specification. Casper is a Turing-complete smart-contracting platform, backed by a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm and WebAssembly (Wasm). Casper is a permissionless, decentralized and public blockchain. Since its March 2021 mainnet launch, Casper has emerged as one of the most popular layer one blockchains on the market, especially for businesses and government organizations seeking a secure, scalable and decentralized solution that enables upgradeable smart contracts. The network's consensus protocol is called Highway, and it has some benefits over classic Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. First, Highway allows networks to reach higher thresholds of finality, meaning that more blocks are finalized, and validators agree to add them to the blockchain. Second, the protocol achieves flexibility by expressing block finality in ways not possible in BFT models. This protocol is built on the Correct-By-Construction (CBC) Casper research. Additionally, the Casper Network is optimized for enterprise and developer adoption. While leveraging blockchain technology, the network seeks to accelerate business operations via unique features like predictable network fees, upgradeable contracts, on-chain governance, privacy flexibility, and developer-friendly languages. Casper's core features and strengths enable developers and enterprises to reap the benefits of blockchain technology. Casper believes to have solved the scalability trilemma. Notably, the network is optimized for security, decentralization, and high throughput. All this is achieved while evolving to provide leading solutions for open-source projects and enterprises. The Casper Network is designed for enterprise organizations with a feature set that allows for flexible permissions, upgradability, energy efficiency, low latency, and high security. Casper is built to withstand and grow along with changing business requirements and developer needs. Upgradeable contracts ensure developers and enterprises can develop their systems incrementally. The development experience ensures non-crypto devs can onboard quickly. This has already attracted multiple enterprises and Web3 teams to develop partnerships with Casper. Specifically, other/older layer one blockchains have the following issues: Fundamental Compromises - Platforms that boast high TPS have made significant sacrifices to decentralization and/or security to achieve speed, which comes with an erosion in the ability for enterprises to trust those networks. Complex Code - Casper contracts function like ordinary software, developers have access to all of the features of the Wasm runtime. High and Unstable Transaction Fees - Volatile gas prices and blockchain fees make it impossible for businesses to budget for their future, while uniform pricing limits flexibility. Archaic/Static Tooling - Proprietary languages, tools, and methods can have a steep learning curve, slowing adoption, complicating updates, and accumulating tech debt down the line. Casper aims to overcome these problems by ensuring: Scale Without Sacrifice - Casper is a fully permissionless/decentralized, truly scalable blockchain designed for real-world speed and security with very low and sustainable energy usage. Minimal Risk Easy to Use - Familiar tools, open architectures, and expert support makes it simple to develop with Casper. Flexibility - Casper has been built so that enterprises may choose between the public network, a private instance, or a hybrid solution. Low Cost - A public software platform developed with transparency and sustainable pricing. Future Proof - Upgradeable infrastructure powers enduring and equitable innovation.

Aptos is a layer 1 blockchain built by core team members of Meta’s Diem project, using the Move smart contract programming language. You may remember Meta’s stablecoin payment system, Diem. Core team members at Aptos, namely its leaders Mo Shaikh and Avery Ching, lead Aptos Labs, which is responsible for the development of the Aptos blockchain. Founded in 2021, Aptos Labs’ vision is to create a blockchain that is reliable, safe, and high-performance. The project’s whitepaper goes as far as to point out the need to be able to upgrade without user concern or downtime. This is something that we are beginning to see a lot of in blockchain. That is, there is increasingly an emphasis on abstracting away from core technologies so that users, and in this case developers, can interact with them without having to concern themselves with every part of what they are using. Aptos Labs is the organization developing technology on Aptos as well as the blockchain itself. Recently, the organization launched Aptos Autumn, the network’s mainnet. The mainnet is focused on three core principles of upgradeability, the Move programming language, and an intuitive, robust user experience. Aptos is a Proof of Stake blockchain, meaning it uses a network of validators to securely process and verify transactions. It uses Move, a smart contract programming language that focuses on safety and flexibility. This means that it is quite modular. With its ability to upgrade modules and its programmability, the Move language can facilitate upgrades that are quite seamless. Under its programmable framework, it also offers developers more control over data management and execution. Aptos’s consensus mechanism, AptosBFT, is a byzantine fault tolerant consensus mechanism. What this basically means is that the system can function even with a certain amount of component failure and trustlessness. What is also very promising is that one of the network’s core design principles is its emphasis on scaling horizontally, utilizing sharded ledger states. This will alleviate network stress as it grows. This year, the Aptos roadmap has been focused on launching its mainnet, Aptos Autumn, which happened in early Q4, 2022. Earlier this year, Aptos announced a partnership with Google Cloud, which is a pretty big deal and is also quite congruent with the latter company’s commitment to developing Web3 technology. At the time being, this partnership is defined by Google running some of Aptos’s validator nodes. With its stress on developer usability and the attention garnering of the likes of Google, it will be interesting to see where Aptos goes. $APT is of course Aptos’s governance token. A lot of the initial APT supply has gone towards community initiatives, like grants and other incentives. The token is used for paying network and transaction fees and voting on network decisions.

ZetaChain that aims to address the issue of interoperability between different blockchains. They argue that a multi-chain future is inevitable but without interoperability, the mass adoption of blockchain technologies will be hindered. The current state of blockchains is fragmented and not interoperable, which means that decentralized applications (dApps) are married to specific blockchains. This fragmentation creates barriers for users to adopt or try dApps on different chains. Existing interoperability systems either apply to specific blockchains, require other blockchains to adopt their protocols, or rely on complicated and less secure bridges. To tackle these challenges, the authors propose ZetaChain, a public blockchain that actively and agnostically connects different blockchains and facilitates interoperability. ZetaChain is designed to be a decentralized cross-blockchain smart contract platform. ZetaChain utilizes a decentralized notary scheme on top of an incentivized Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. Validators in ZetaChain act as notaries and are attached with observers that scan other blockchains for relevant events. The observers report these events to ZetaChain, and the blockchain uses custom logic to update its state in response to the reported events. In addition, each validator in ZetaChain is attached with a signer holding a key share. Collectively, the validators hold a single public/private key pair that can initiate transactions on other blockchains to directly change their state. This feature allows ZetaChain to custody assets on external blockchains, even those with limited smart contract capability. The authors compare ZetaChain to existing cross-chain strategies such as relays, notary schemes, hash time-lock contracts, and blockchains of blockchains. They highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy and position ZetaChain as a decentralized and trustless solution for cross-blockchain interoperability. ZetaChain aims to be a public computer on all important blockchains, enabling the development of cross-blockchain decentralized applications that are public, trustless, and persistent. The proposed architecture combines the benefits of a decentralized consensus mechanism, observer nodes, and cross-chain transaction capabilities to achieve its goals.

Tenet: A Blockchain Powered by Liquid Staking Derivative Tenet is a layer-1 DeFi blockchain solution designed to make your crypto life easier. Built using the versatile Cosmos SDK, Tenet brings a novel approach to improving network security and using Liquid Staking Derivatives (LSDs) in a way that's more secure than traditional methods. There's a compelling reason why the spotlight in the DeFi and blockchain sector is veering towards Tenet (website). Constructed with the Cosmos SDK, Tenet has emerged as a contender in the realm of layer-1 DeFi blockchains, incorporating innovative elements that position it significantly ahead of its competitors. Primarily, the adoption of the Diversified Proof of Stake (DiPoS) is a notable innovation. This consensus model empowers not only Tenet's native token, TENET, but also the Omni-Chain tLSD token, to ensure robust network security. By employing Liquid Staking Derivatives (LSDs), Tenet’s DiPoS architecture furnishes a smart contract network that surpasses Ethereum in terms of security, amplifying its appeal for users and investors alike. Moreover, the deft integration of a native stablecoin supported by a diversified basket of LSDs offers an extra layer of reliability. But the benefits don't stop there. The DeFi ecosystem within Tenet empowers users with a rich suite of options, from minting a stablecoin to providing liquidity or engaging in leverage trading with their LSDs. Furthermore, the governance of this intricate ecosystem is steered by veTenet, delivering an astute, reliable control system. Also, it's worth noting the multi-chain AI-powered web3 wallet, Eva, that provides advanced transaction assistance and user-friendly yield optimization strategies, further enhancing the user experience. Tenet is an innovative layer-1 blockchain protocol crafted to function as a hub for LSDs. Its objective is to offer additional liquidity and yield prospects for LSDs, by providing users with the ability to re-stake their assets within the network and actively participate in Tenet's comprehensive DeFi ecosystem. As a testament to its effectiveness, Tenet has recently ventured into the Asian market via collaborations with Conflux and Qtum. On top of these strategic partnerships, Tenet has also joined forces with Ankr, a trailblazer in the staking infrastructure realm. This alliance has facilitated the launching of LSD initiatives for its partnered layer-1 blockchains, thereby propelling their development further. Tenet's network paves the way for users to create projects and tokens, which will now be integrated with the LayerZero technology. This key integration enables interoperability and exposes users to a broader DeFi ecosystem across a plethora of smart contract blockchains. The profound transformation of Tenet's LSDs into truly omnichain tokens, aided by LayerZero, is a breakthrough achievement. These tokens now possess the capability to be transferable, usable, and redeemable across all networks that are supported by LayerZero. As part of Tenet's commitment to drive greater utility for LSDs from various chains, they have developed a unique consensus model named DiPoS.

Islamic Coin: Bridging Islamic Finance and Cryptocurrencies Islamic Coin represents a pioneering initiative that combines cryptocurrency, blockchain technology, and the principles of Islamic finance. It introduces the world's first Sharia-compliant cryptocurrency, Islamic Coin (ISLM), designed specifically to adhere to Islamic laws while facilitating the exchange of goods and services. One notable aspect of Islamic Coin is its community-driven governance structure. Token holders possess the authority to influence the community's direction and decision-making process through voting. By shifting the focus from cryptocurrency as a speculative asset to a utility-driven asset, Islamic Coin aims to encourage greater Muslim participation in the cryptocurrency market while upholding their beliefs and ethical values. It offers an opportunity for Muslims to actively engage in the cryptocurrency space without compromising their principles. Evergreen DAO The Evergreen DAO oversees the activities of the Islamic Coin community and the Haqq network, with a focus on fostering community growth and benefiting Muslim communities worldwide. Decision-making within the DAO follows governing laws set for its operation. It operates as an independent entity with a Sharia board and a council, allowing Islamic Coin community members holding ISLM coins to participate in governance. Tokenomics: Century Coinomics The total supply of ISLM coins is fixed at 100 billion, with only 20% entering circulation at project launch. The remaining ISLM coins will gradually be released into circulation over 100 years. ISLM is used for gas fees in Haqq network interactions. Validators mint a new ISLM coin each time they verify transactions using the network's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. These newly minted coins serve as rewards for validators and delegators. The Evergreen DAO receives 10% of newly minted ISLM coins. By the time the last coin is minted, the DAO would have accumulated a total of 10 billion ISLM coins. Builders and developers also receive Islamic coins as rewards for their contributions to the Haqq blockchain. Additionally, 50% of the gas fee paid by users for interacting with decentralized applications (dApps) on the Haqq network is allocated to the respective dApp creator. This incentivizes developers on the Haqq blockchain and fosters innovative development. The Benefits: The success of the Islamic Coin project can bring significant advantages for both the crypto community and the Muslim community. Let's explore these benefits further: For the Muslim Community: Ethical Investment: Participation in a Sharia-compliant ecosystem allows Muslims to invest in projects that align with their beliefs. Islamic Coin's management is based on Islamic principles, making it suitable for investment in new projects that share similar values. Unlike investing in well-known cryptocurrencies, investing in Islamic Coin is not considered a speculative activity. Representation: Islamic Coin actively represents the Muslim community in the cryptocurrency market. By incorporating Islamic finance laws into the realm of cryptocurrencies, Muslims become integral members of the overall crypto landscape and are encouraged to introduce innovative ideas. New Opportunities: The adoption of Sharia-compliant cryptocurrencies, such as Islamic Coin, opens up new opportunities. Transparency is of great importance in Sharia-compliant finance, and leveraging blockchain technology as a tamper-proof solution ensures effective compliance. This enables the realization of fairness and risk-sharing, as stipulated by Islamic finance principles. For the Crypto Community: Increased Participation: Islamic Coin provides a platform to welcome new participants into the cryptocurrency industry. Muslims with a good understanding of Sharia-compliant finance can confidently engage with cryptocurrencies that align with their beliefs, alleviating uncertainties they may have regarding the crypto industry. Improved Investment Opportunities: The success of a Sharia-compliant cryptocurrency introduces a fresh wave of investment opportunities for crypto enthusiasts. While most crypto investors are accustomed to the volatile nature of the market, less-volatile Sharia-compliant cryptocurrencies like Islamic Coin offer avenues for portfolio diversification and risk reduction. By bridging the worlds of cryptocurrency and Islamic finance, Islamic Coin strives to create an inclusive and ethically aligned ecosystem that benefits both Muslim and non-Muslim participants.